Abstract
Diffusion and flow matching visuomotor policies require iterative denoising or numerical integration for multimodal action generation, introducing latency and execution mismatch. We instead consider a different formulation: conditioned on vision and proprioception, demonstrated bimanual action chunks concentrate in a structured observation-dependent region of joint-action space, making the action target more direct to model than the generative process. Based on this view, we propose the Direct Manifold Action Transformer (DMAT), which reformulates action generation as the direct modeling of clean, observation-conditioned joint-space action chunks from stochastic interpolants, thereby enabling single-step inference without relying on iterative generative inference or auxiliary trajectory-straightening procedures. Within DMAT, local 3D geometry anchors predictions to spatial structure, while State-Consistent Spectral-Time Refinement (STR) reconciles predicted chunks with proprioception and suppresses high-frequency residuals. Across 567 standard and out-of-distribution (OOD) trials per method, DMAT outperformed Improved 3D Diffusion Policy (IDP3) and DiTFlow3D in aggregate success rate, achieving relative improvements of 129.1% and 95.7%, respectively, while generating action chunks 2.06x and 1.34x faster and remaining robust under repeated 50 N interventions. These results pave the way for a novel generative paradigm for efficient and robust bimanual manipulation.
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URL
https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.41643
