Abstract
Reinforcement learning for long-horizon agents relies on feedback from sequences of interactions, making credit assignment to individual actions difficult. Existing methods such as GiGPO compare actions at shared states to compute relative advantages, but estimate each action's value from a single sampled continuation. The resulting local credit remains sensitive to decisions made later in the trajectory. To address this problem, we propose ConCal (Continuation Calibration), a recursive continuation-value estimator that incorporates continuation evidence already present in a rollout batch. ConCal matches visits from the same task by their incoming state-action-state transitions, combines shared continuation evidence with each visit's own transition estimate, and propagates calibrated values backward to refine earlier action-value estimates. This reduces dependence on individual sampled continuations and mitigates local credit distortions without additional rollouts. Held-out return diagnostics show lower error in within-group value differences and higher agreement with reference action orderings than estimates based on individual continuations. With Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct, ConCal improves success rates over GiGPO by 3.39 and 5.86 percentage points on ALFWorld and WebShop, respectively. Our code is available at this https URL.
Abstract (translated)
URL
https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.37195
