Abstract
Sparse word embedding pipelines can avoid dense co-occurrence matrix materialization, dense factorization, and gradient training while still relying on sparse global corpus statistics. This paper studies Random Indexing (RI) vectors refined by weighted averaging on a sparse Positive Pointwise Mutual Information (PPMI) graph. On a fairytales corpus, the covered semantic analogy set consists of 272 Google family- category questions. On this family subset, PPMI top-K graph averaging repairs a weak RI initialization, improving accuracy from 19.4+-0.7% to 30.7+-2.9% across five seeds. Under the single tested runs, the same neighborhood averaging reduces family- subset analogy accuracy for PPMI+SVD (singular value decom- position), Binary+SVD, CBOW, and Skip-gram. Thus the method is not competitive with neural baselines on text8 and gives near- zero strict similarity correlation on SimLex-999. While Bloom filter sketches underperform RI in the tested configuration, we find that PPMI graph averaging with top-K pruning is a useful non-gradient repair for weak RI embeddings. On the fairytales dataset, PPMI top-K=50 graph averaging improves RI with accuracy going from 19.4+-0.7% to 30.7+-2.9%, and performing best with a seed42 of 34.6%.
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URL
https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.05724
