arXiv_AI
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Forward-Value Discretization: Faster Stochastic Diffusion Sampling Without High-Order Approximation
2026-11-10 16:53:27Yuchen Jiao, Na Li, Changxiao Cai, Yuting Wei, Gen LiAbstract
Stochastic diffusion samplers often require substantially more neural function evaluations (NFEs) than deterministic samplers to achieve comparable sample quality. Although higher-order discretization accelerates deterministic sampling, its benefits for stochastic sampling remains unclear. We establish matching upper and worst-case lower bounds showing that stochastic samplers with higher-order approximations remain first-order convergent, even with exact score functions. Thus, increasing the approximation order does not generally improve the convergence order. Motivated by this limitation, we introduce forward-value discretization, a training-free framework that evaluates the data/noise prediction model at a lookahead estimate constructed from previous predictions. For deterministic sampling, the resulting Forward DPMSolver (F-DPMSolver), improves sample quality at low NFE budgets through its DDIM-based variant, despite remaining first-order convergent. For stochastic sampling, we develop Forward DDPM (F-DDPM), which evaluates the model at a cleaner lookahead point adjusted for subsequent noise injection. This estimate reuses both the previous model prediction and the previously injected noise. Both variants admit first-order convergence guarantees with one model evaluation per iteration. Across CIFAR-10, ImageNet, FFHQ, and LSUN, F-DDPM consistently achieves lower FID than the evaluated stochastic baselines at matched NFE budgets. With 1.5 times as many NFEs as deterministic baselines, it achieves competitive sample quality, narrowing the practical efficiency gap between stochastic and deterministic sampling. Code is available at this https URL.
Abstract (translated)
URL
https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.14328
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When Should Agents Remember? Falsification-Gated Self-Evolution for LLM Agents
2026-11-10 16:52:25Runxuan Tang, Haoyu Gao, Yuyan Ding, Junyi Yao, Zihao Zheng, Zecheng Sheng, Liwei HouAbstract
LLM agents increasingly operate in long-horizon, verifier-rich environments, but current self-improvement mechanisms often write episode-derived lessons directly into memory, making local success an unreliable signal for reusable and safe knowledge. This paper addresses the core question of when an experience-derived behavioral update should be admitted into persistent agent state. We propose Falsification-Gated Self-Evolution (FGSE), a verifier-grounded framework that represents each candidate lesson as a structured hypothesis with an explicit precondition, behavior change, expected effect, and verifier. FGSE applies the hypothesis only in a temporary state, tests it on target-transfer, falsification, and archived-regression probes, and then commits, refines, or rejects it according to measured gain and risk. Across web, app, tool-use, and long-term memory benchmarks, FGSE achieves strong task performance, including 39.8 WebArena success rate, 78.8 AppWorld average completion, and 0.724/0.487 Pass$^1$ on $\tau$-Retail/$\tau$-Airline, while reducing falsification failures to 5.0%, regression damage to 1.3%, and harmful committed updates to 3.6%. These results suggest that testing memory updates as hypotheses supports more reliable long-term adaptation.
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URL
https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.14326
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Don't Just Trust Your Memory: Evidence-Linked Memory Reduces Memory-Induced Degradation in LLM Agents
2026-11-10 16:46:59Yukyeong Lee, Yumin Choi, Jinheon Baek, Sung Ju HwangAbstract
External memory enables LLM agents to improve from experience by distilling trajectories of past tasks into concise lessons for new tasks. However, memory can also lead to memory-induced degradation, where an agent fails on tasks it would solve without memory, often because it follows a lesson that is incorrect, or misapplies or misreads a valid one. This is because lessons are inferred from trajectories labeled only with task success or failure, yet are typically provided without the trajectories they came from, leaving the agent no way to check them. To address this, we introduce WikiTrace, an evidence-linked memory system designed to let agents check each lesson against its original trajectory. Specifically, motivated by the finding that a trajectory often still holds the evidence needed to catch an erroneous lesson, WikiTrace stores each lesson as a concise insight linked to a summary of why its trajectory succeeded or failed and to the raw trajectory itself. Then, on a new task, the agent starts from all insights and, whenever one lacks details needed to act, conflicts with another, or comes from a failed task, descends through its links with terminal tools to fill in missing details or correct the insight before acting. We validate WikiTrace on five agentic benchmarks, showing that it consistently outperforms existing memory approaches and a baseline given the same insights alone, while also reducing memory-induced degradation. Our code is available at this https URL
Abstract (translated)
URL
https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.14320
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Multimodal Abstention That Preserves Acquired Correct Answers
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Adding abstention to a task-adapted multimodal model can discard correct answers, including capabilities acquired during adaptation. We formulate abstention repair as maximizing correct abstention on unanswerable questions under a budget on newly lost correct answers. We propose ReFrain (Regression-Free Abstention), which combines a linear probe on first-token logits, threshold calibration on held-out image clusters, and a deterministic veto that replaces rejected outputs with the displayed "none of the above" option while preserving all other responses. "Regression-free" denotes zero loss on the calibration set at the zero-budget target. All abstention methods in our main comparison start from the same answering-SFT checkpoint; we separately track lost correct answers, repaired errors, and retained SFT gains. On Qwen2.5-VL-3B, ReFrain at zero budget retains all 57 SFT-gained answers with no losses and improves correct abstention by 7.30 percentage points. At a 0.5% calibration budget, it reaches 74.05% correct abstention with 8 losses and retains 55 gains; CLIP-UP EmbLoRA reaches 64.65% with 62 losses, 41 repairs, and 40 retained gains. The same probe at its default threshold loses 298 correct answers. With models and thresholds frozen, confirmation on 228 independent question clusters yields 66.05% correct abstention and no losses at the 0.5% point, exceeding EmbLoRA by 32.72 percentage points. Ordinary refusal SFT achieves higher correct abstention at greater regression cost. Code and reproduction materials: this https URL.
Abstract (translated)
URL
https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.14311
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LM-SimBench: A Unified Framework, Dataset, and Benchmark for Large Language Model Training Simulation
2026-11-10 16:26:19Yu Dong, Hong Li, Qiang Sun, Xu Zhou, Jinbiao Huo, Qixiu Cheng, Zhiyuan LiuAbstract
Evaluating candidate parallelization strategies through distributed training runs makes strategy selection prohibitively expensive at scale. Performance simulation offers a lower cost alternative, yet controlled comparisons among existing simulators remain difficult because they differ in the training stages they model and the workloads on which they are evaluated. We introduce LM-SimBench, a unified framework, profiling dataset, and benchmark for evaluating LLM training simulators. The framework decomposes simulation into functional stages from model compilation to schedule level aggregation, connecting execution representations and cost estimators to measurable evaluation targets. Following this framework, we profile 23 model settings from 10 dense and Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) LLM families on an Ascend Neural Processing Unit (NPU) cluster. The resulting dataset contains 348 feasible configurations that jointly vary five parallelism dimensions and activation recomputation, with six views spanning configuration, rank, operator, event, and kernel granularity. Evaluations of representative training simulators demonstrate how LM-SimBench supports comparisons of prediction accuracy, assessment of configuration selection, and diagnosis of prediction errors. Matched GPU-NPU experiments validate the cross-platform applicability of the collection and evaluation protocol and demonstrate NPU-guided GPU configuration selection.
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URL
https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.14285
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Ninety-Six Ways to Measure a Scribe: Fragmented Evaluation of Ambient Scribes in Healthcare
2026-11-10 16:26:02Amama Mahmood, Shiye Cao, Laura Fleig, Junan Jiang, Theodore Jensen, Yee-Yin Choong, Kristen Greene, Chien-Ming HuangAbstract
Ambient artificial intelligence (AI) scribes have moved rapidly from experimental pilots to enterprise-wide deployment across health systems, promising reduced documentation burden and improved clinician experience. While research evaluating these tools has expanded quickly, there are no agreed-upon protocols or standardized metrics for assessing their performance, making it difficult to compare findings or cumulatively synthesize evidence across studies. Across 54 recent evaluation studies, we identify ten evaluation dimensions and 40 distinct metrics, operationalized in 96 different ways-35 of them (36%) used by only a single study. Assessment is dominated by documentation efficiency and time, measured in 44 of 54 studies. The other dimensions appear at broadly similar rates (16-24 studies each), and safety and clinical outcome least consistently of all. Ripple effects on the broader care system, such as impact on patients' care outcomes, redistribution of work, changes in billing and coding intensity, and downstream use of notes by other clinicians are rarely assessed. Moreover, the metrics used rely heavily on self-report and are fragmented and inconsistently operationalized, which limits comparability and hinders synthesis across studies. As an effort to support more rigorous and cumulative evaluation, in this paper we review the study designs, data sources, and metrics commonly used to evaluate ambient AI scribes in healthcare settings, discuss the limitations of current evaluation practice, and argue for a more holistic approach grounded in a standardized, multi-dimensional set of metrics.
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URL
https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.14284
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Achieving Robust Channel Estimation Neural Networks on Doppler effects by Designed Training Data
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Channel estimation is crucial in wireless communication systems. Many existing works train and test their models using the same or similar channel. However, practical channels are infinitely diverse and time-variant while data-driven algorithms often degrade on new and previously unseen channels. This prohibits the practical implementation of neural networks for channel estimation, particularly in high speed scenarios characterized by rapidly channel profile changes and very high Doppler shifts. Online training can fine-tune models to adapt to new channels, but requires high computation resource and incurs significant latency for physical-layer devices. Moreover, online training cannot exhaustively cover all possible channels because there are infinitely many possible channels. Therefore, we investigate the ability of neural networks to generalize to wireless channels. This paper proposes design criteria to generate synthetic training data, which guaranty that the resulting networks perform robustly across wireless channels, especially for very high Doppler shifts and different Doppler spectra. It ensures that offline-trained neural networks require no prior information or online training to precisely estimate the new channels. To demonstrate general applicability, we use neural networks with different levels of complexity to show that the generalization achieved appears to be independent of architecture. From simulation results, neural networks achieve a certain performance across wireless channels with different unseen power delay profiles (PDP) and Doppler shifts.
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https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.14267
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Recurrent Modular Structure in Spiking Neural Network Reinforcement Learning
2026-11-10 16:09:19Vikram Ramavarapu, Himanshu Udupi, Ashish GautamAbstract
Biological neural circuits are both modular and recurrent, with dense communities sparsely linked to one another. Spiking neural networks (SNNs) for reinforcement learning are usually feed-forward, and it is unclear how to obtain functional modules in a recurrent SNN or what they buy. In this work, we introduce a class of spiking networks, called Community Recurrent SNNs (CoRe SNNs): recurrent networks partitioned into communities with fixed roles. A controller community receives the stimulus, each action has its own community, and latent communities carry internal state. Spiking activity is then a walk between communities, and the action is the community the walk reaches. All learning is local and three-factor, and the recurrent communities are closer to cortical microcircuits than a feed-forward actor. We compare three regimes for obtaining the communities: dynamic modularity, in which a new learning rule we introduce, Map-STDP, encourages modular structure during learning; partial modularity, in which a stochastic block model (SBM) initialization enforces it partly; and full modularity, in which sealing enforces it fully. On CartPole, across three spiking neuron models, Map-STDP improves learning over the same network without it matches full modularity (sealed communities) on two of the three models, and makes the observed spike walk more compressible. Replacing the feed-forward actor of a TD-STDP actor-critic with recurrent action communities improves on the feed-forward network on CartPole and LunarLander, and matches it on Acrobot. How strongly to enforce modularity depends on the task: full modularity helps most on Acrobot, while on LunarLander the dynamic, partial and full regimes perform alike. Overall, these recurrent modular networks can match or even improve upon feed-forward approaches, with improvements in bio-plausibility and energy efficiency.
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URL
https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.14262
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Lilo: A Multi-Agent Conversational Sandbox for Children's Digital Communication
2026-11-10 16:07:13Ofri Elbaum, Amit Malik, Tomer Malkevich, Zohar Elyoseph, Adir Solomon, Rotem Dror, Oshrat AyalonAbstract
Children's peer conflicts increasingly play out in group chats, where tone and timing are stripped away, and a hurtful message is easier to send than to say aloud. We present Lilo, a multi-agent conversational system that lets children practice such conversations, so they are better prepared when they encounter them in real digital communication. In Lilo, the child joins two AI-driven peers mid-argument, coached by a mentor character, also named Lilo, through a Stop-Think-Act traffic light. Through an exploratory study with 28 children (aged 9-11), we examine how children engage with Lilo's simulated peer conflict and the mentor's traffic-light interventions. The study included an intervention with Lilo, surveys before and after the intervention, and exit interviews. Participants reported significantly higher self-efficacy for coping with unpleasant messages after their interaction with Lilo. They felt safe experimenting, knowing nothing they wrote would be held against them.
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URL
https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.14260
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A Cross-Scenario Survey and Analysis of Self-Evolving Multimodal Agents
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Recent work shows that multimodal agents increasingly self-improve without recurring human annotation. However, each self-improvement mechanism is designed and evaluated within a single scenario, leaving its preconditions unverified under cross-scenario transfer. This survey investigates the structural source of asymmetric mechanism transfer across four scenarios: multimodal reasoning, multimodal generation, GUI and Web navigation, and embodied manipulation. We first formalize the self-evolving multimodal agent by four criteria and a differentia of self-reference, and adopt the three-stage self-evolving loop of experience generation, feedback acquisition, and update consolidation as our analytical framework to position the scenarios along ceilings on rollout count and feedback fidelity. Comparing self-evolving with fixed loops within each scenario separates the limitations that the scenario imposes from those inherent in the self-evolving design. We then recast each mechanism as a trade-off that raises a scarce factor by presupposing a task-structural resource, such as output equivalence or checkable outcomes, and judge it portable, conditional, blocked, or redundant across scenarios. We attribute the asymmetry to divergent combinations of scarce factors and resources across opposite transfer directions, and identify the matched-budget measurements that could overturn these still untested verdicts.
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URL
https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.14256
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Personalized Affective Perception via Continual Learning in Human-Agent Negotiation
2026-11-10 15:57:45Mehmet Onur Keskin, Berk Buzcu, Nikhil Churamani, Reyhan Aydogan, Hatice Gunes, Catholijn JonkerAbstract
Self-interested intelligent agents that negotiate with humans should interpret nonverbal expressions and adapt their behavior accordingly. However, generic facial-affect models degrade across individuals and contexts, creating a generalization gap. We introduce an affect-adaptive negotiation strategy that incorporates Continual Learning with Imagination for Facial Expression Recognition (CLIFER) to personalize valence-arousal perception in real time. Differential feedback converts changes in valence-arousal direction and intensity into adjustments of the agent's target utility. An asynchronous architecture updates CLIFER in the background during live interaction. In a counterbalanced within-subject study in which 66 participants negotiated with a humanoid robot, the CL-enabled agent achieved significantly higher individual utility and elicited higher participant concession rates than the FaceChannel baseline. The CL condition yielded significantly higher mean arousal estimates, alongside a broader output range. Participant utility and Nash distance did not change significantly between conditions. These outcomes support the practical value of coupling continual affective personalization with differential feedback for real-time negotiation.
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URL
https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.14247
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An AI Assistant for Automating Anti-Corruption Expertise of Draft Legislation Based on the TRACE Framework
2026-11-10 15:56:01Serhii Zabolotnii (Cherkasy State Business College, State Scientific Research Institute of Armament,Military Equipment Testing,Certification, Uzhhorod University), Alina Tarasova (PJSC "Finport Technologies Inc.")Abstract
We present an AI assistant for automating anti-corruption expertise of draft legislation based on the TRACE architecture, designed to screen bills for corruption risks: pinpoint provisions an expert would criticise and name the regulatory defect in each. The pipeline combines a deterministic parsing core, model-guided single-provision qualification, rule-based factor assignment, and external human oversight. To evaluate the assistant, we constructed an open benchmark from the published conclusions of Ukraine's National Agency on Corruption Prevention (NAZK), comprising 132 draft laws with 474 model-extracted findings. A system flag agrees with a finding when it targets a compatible provision and an LLM judge rates the risk as the same (strict) or partly the same (lenient). On 100 draft laws, the pipeline matches 0.28 of the findings within its top ten flags using the local Gemma 4 31B model, 0.30 with Sonnet 5.5, and 0.43-0.46 across all flags (non-blind; the frozen blind baseline achieves 0.21, 95% CI 0.16-0.26). Across all runs, most misses occur on provisions that the system located but qualified as a different risk, and none of the 32 legal-collision findings was matched. On 21 acts held out from tuning, the pipeline outperforms a monolithic prompt containing the full methodology under the strict measure, though not under the lenient one, and Opus 5.5 adds nothing over Sonnet. The reported scores reflect agreement with model-extracted findings rated by an LLM judge whose two access routes agree on 73 of 74 labels, without human expert validation.
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URL
https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.14244
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Dyship: Leveraging Acoustic Features For Speaker Relationship Classification From Dyadic Conversations
2026-11-10 15:53:43Kieran Sturges, Thomas Thebaud, Yaohan Guan, Najim DehakAbstract
We introduce DyShip, a framework for classifying speaker familiarity and kinship from dyadic conversations in the Seamless Interaction corpus. We compare five speech representations: spectrograms, MFCCs, self-supervised WavLM representations, x-vectors, and estimated articulatory movements. Spectral features perform best for familiarity classification, reaching an accuracy of 87.81%, while WavLM achieves the highest kinship accuracy of 85.17%. X-vectors and articulatory features yield weaker results on familiarity classifiaction, but shine for kinship classification, with an AUC of 0.909 for x-vectors. Most classifiers exceed previously reported human and audio language model scores on the same dataset. These findings highlight the potential of conventional acoustic features for relationship inference and motivate further investigation of the conversational cues captured by different representations.
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URL
https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.14241
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Verifiable Agentic Traffic Class: A Policed Quality-of-Service Mechanism for Agentic AI Traffic, Evaluated from Simulation to Real-Kernel Adversarial Testing
2026-11-10 15:33:22Naveen Babu Narayanan Nair, Sajay KurupAbstract
Software agents built on large language models generate traffic unlike human web traffic, yet routers have no class for it and cannot verify a sender's claim to be an agent. This paper proposes the Verifiable Agentic Traffic Class (VATC), which combines a reserved Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) value declaring agent traffic, a router-side classifier that demotes flows contradicting the declaration to a class served after best-effort traffic, and a rate-limited priority queue. VATC was compared with static Differentiated Services (DiffServ), a dedicated class that trusts the marking, and fq_codel, a per-flow fair-queuing scheduler, in two simulators and on a real Linux kernel. VATC matched DiffServ under steady load. In a constructed burst it cut mean agent queuing delay by 98% relative to DiffServ in simulation (assuming an immediate verdict), at a 12% increase in human delay; most of the gain came from the separate class. Under a spoofed flood in the kernel, the rate limit held human latency 11 times below DiffServ's. Without verification, DiffServ and a tightly configured fq_codel gave legitimate agents lower latency than VATC; a live four-feature classifier then demoted all 20 bulk-shaped spoofers and gave agents 0.30 ms, but missed six spoofers that copied the agent pattern. With emulated network delay, a timing feature of the classifier stopped separating agent from human flows. In real agent harnesses on a congested link, router queueing took 13% to 63% of task time, depending on harness and assumed model latency. The traffic was synthetic or sandbox-scale.
Abstract (translated)
URL
https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.14211
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Breakdown of Autoregressive Multi-Step Reasoning Under Concentrated vs. Diffuse Attention Head Dropout
2026-11-10 15:29:57Karol StruniawskiAbstract
During extended wakefulness, mammalian neocortical networks experience localized periods of transient neuronal silence termed off-states. Here, we examine how analogous spatiotemporally concentrated disruptions affect sequential reasoning in autoregressive Large Language Models (LLMs). Evaluating 250 paired derivations on the GSM8K benchmark across two 8B models (Qwen3-8B and LLaMA-3.1-8B-Instruct), we contrast clustered bursts of attention head masking against budget-matched diffuse i.i.d. dropout. Concentrated bursts induce substantial reasoning degradation: at onset parameter $\mathcal{B}=0.10$ (scheduling $\sim 5.7\%$ of vulnerable head-token volume), Qwen3-8B accuracy drops from $91.2\%$ under diffuse noise to $78.8\%$ under burst dropout ($\Delta = -12.4$ percentage points [pp], exact McNemar $p = 5.5 \times 10^{-6}$), while LLaMA-3.1-8B-Instruct drops from $84.0\%$ to $76.8\%$ ($\Delta = -7.2$ pp, $p = 0.0198$). Conversely, dispersing the identical cumulative budget uniformly across generation steps via stratified quintile matching yields substantially milder degradation (retaining $91.2\%$ in Qwen and $84.0\%$ in LLaMA). In an exploratory factorial dissociation ($N=100$), single-step dropout density is associated with an acute drop in a single schedule draw ($-10.0$ pp on Qwen, $p_{\text{holm}} = 0.0425$), while multi-token continuity exhibits an inconclusive compounding trend ($-7.0$ pp, $p_{\text{holm}} = 0.1892$). Error analysis reveals that Qwen failures reflect derivation errors within formatted responses (conditional accuracy drop of $-11.4$ pp), whereas in LLaMA $22.2\%$ of discordant losses lack a final answer format line (conditional gap narrows to $-5.0$ pp). These findings demonstrate that autoregressive reasoning chains are particularly vulnerable to concentrated structural disruptions, providing empirical benchmarks for fault tolerance in transformer architectures.
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URL
https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.14209
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Joint Quantization and Dynamic Partitioning for Context-Aware Edge Vision Transformers
2026-11-10 15:18:00Zhu Jiaqi, Jain Prakriti, Katare Dewant, Kumar SaurabhAbstract
Deploying vision transformer models across connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) requires joint management of computation and Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication. Static split-inference methods use fixed partition points and cannot adapt to time-varying link bandwidth, processing load, and concurrent multi-stream traffic. This paper proposes an edge orchestration framework that jointly selects model partition points, per-layer quantization bitwidths, and execution placement across heterogeneous vehicular compute nodes. The joint partitioning and mixed-precision allocation problem is formulated as a Mixed-Integer Linear Program (MILP) that minimizes compute and communication energy subject to end-to-end latency and task-quality constraints. The framework is evaluated on Jetson Orin Nano (8~GB), Jetson Orin NX (16~GB), and Jetson AGX Orin (32~GB) nodes using OPV2V-driven multi-stream workloads with $K \in \{2,4,6,8\}$. Across the evaluated configurations, the proposed formulation reduces V2V communication energy by $33.3$--$36.0\%$ relative to a Uniform INT8 split. At $K=8$, end-to-end task completion latency is reduced by $34.0\%$ on the Orin Nano and $33.1\%$ on the Orin NX relative to the same baseline, while limiting the reduction in 3D detection accuracy to $3.1$--$4.1$ percentage points in $\mathrm{mAP}_{50}$ relative to FP16 execution.
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URL
https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.14196
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An Augmented Lagrangian Approach to Lifted Bellman Linear Programming
2026-11-10 15:05:22Jongchan Park, Hyukjun Yang, Narim Jeong, Donghwan LeeAbstract
Temporal-difference critics regress onto a bootstrapped target and usually need a target network. Lifted Bellman Linear Programming (LBLP) instead expresses the in-sample optimal values of offline RL as the solution to a linear program over the dataset. Its neural solver ALBUM relaxes the constraints into hinge penalties with fixed coefficients, and its guarantees are conditions on coefficients chosen in advance. We solve the same program with the method of multipliers: the coefficients become multipliers learned by dual ascent, with one penalty parameter $\rho$. In the convex case the fixed points are the KKT pairs of LBLP, and at every stationary point the applied constraint weights balance the objective exactly. The critic can serve a Gaussian actor, a flow actor, and best-of-N sampling, and for the Gaussian actor we propose an advantage-normalized DDPG+BC objective. With a single $Q$ and $V$ and no target network, our AL-LBLP with best-of-N reaches 60.1\% average success on the 50 state-based OGBench tasks. On long-horizon tasks, it reaches 81.5% on humanoidmaze-giant and 79.8% on antmaze-giant. It does not collapse up to batch size 8192.
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URL
https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.14183
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Cross-Border Fulfillment Center Selection via Doubly Robust Estimation and Linear Programming
Abstract
We introduce the cross-border (XB) fulfillment center (FC) Selection Model: a multi-stage optimization framework combining forecasting, doubly robust estimation, and linear programming to select optimal source FCs. For each source-destination shipping arc, the objective is to choose a subset of source-country FCs that minimize delivery time and cost while maximizing profit and shipped units under a fixed domestic network. We evaluate the model on three production-scale international shipping corridors for a large e-commerce company using 12 months of shipment data, employing both aggregate offline replay and shipment-level counterfactual nearest-neighbor matching. Across all shipping corridors, the XB FC Selection Model achieves 8.5-51.1% reductions in delivery time and 4.4-48.3% reductions in logistics cost relative to human expert-defined FC selection policies, with up to 6.5 percentage-point improvements in 5/5 target compliance (5 days, $5 USD). Pareto analysis shows the model consistently dominates single-objective ranking strategies and unconstrained LP on the efficiency-reallocation frontier, with all results statistically significant.
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URL
https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.14174
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BARS: Budget-Aware Sequential Sampling with Refusal for Majority Identification under Unknown Distributions
2026-11-10 15:00:27Shenxi Liu, Yiwei Li, Mingyang Zhao, Yuhang Tian, Kan LiAbstract
Repeated sampling with majority selection is an effective means of enforcing self-consistency in large language models. Recently, a variant has also been introduced that terminates early to save costs when the output distribution is favorable. But it still cannot yield a correct confidence estimate from the answer distribution. For this issue, we formalize this as majority identification under an unknown distribution with a budget and a target error rate, and propose BARS, a sequential rule certifying the top-two gap and returning an early stop, a budgeted majority vote, or a refusal when feasibility cannot be established. A refusal is a statement about the rule and its budget, not a claim that a question is unanswerable, and it tells practitioners when to widen the budget or switch models. A certified mode carries proven bounds on the joint answering error and on refusing an instance the budget could handle, while a practical mode, used in our experiments, replaces them with empirical calibration. On synthetic instances drawn from known distributions over thousands of seeds, the difficulty-driven behavior is recovered and the price of the certified mode is this http URL GSM8K the practical mode draws 22.3\% fewer samples than fixed-8 sampling over the same pool, refused questions included, at the cost of declining 18.8\% of the questions. On MATH, it greatly improves the accuracy of its output answers into 82.5\% at the cost of honestly refusing to answer half of the difficult questions that the model itself is unable to solve.
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https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.14171
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Representational Atoms in Neural Networks
2026-11-10 14:56:23Chenhui Hu, Pengfei Cao, Kang Liu, Jun ZhaoAbstract
Understanding the internal representations of neural networks and characterizing their relationship with human conceptual structure are two critical questions for elucidating model mechanisms. The former reveals how learned knowledge is organized in internal representations, whereas the latter provides a basis for interpreting these representations through human conceptual structure. Here, we formally define fundamental representational units (FRUs) and establish two evaluation criteria: fidelity and stability. We further prove that threshold-activated sparse autoencoders (TSAEs) can identify FRUs with high fidelity and stability under appropriate conditions, and validate this result through large-scale experiments. Further analyses reveal that FRUs with higher stability exhibit greater monosemanticity and can be composed across layers to recover semantic organization corresponding to human conceptual structure. These results provide a unified framework for defining, evaluating and identifying FRUs in neural networks, and establish a foundation for characterizing the relationship between neural network representations and human conceptual structure.
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https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.14168
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